The International Fire Code (IFC) is a globally recognized, comprehensive document within the International Code Family. It is a model code and a design document, standardizing fire safety for new and existing buildings, facilities, storage and processes and establishing minimum requirements for fire prevention and fire protection systems based on performance-related and prescriptive provisions. Some topics covered in the code include:
- Sprinkler systems
- Water supplies
- Emergency Planning
- Maintenance of fire protection equipment
- Fire department access.
The IFC is active throughout the United States with the code in use or adopted in 40 states including the District of Columbia, New York City Guam, and Puerto Rico, according to the International Code Council. If the IFC is the adopted fire code in a jurisdiction, the standard is the law and legally enforceable. It is designed with worldwide application in mind and is flexible enough to allow the use of alternative and innovative materials as well as performance-based methods for achieving code compliance.
The International Fire Code is revised and promulgated every three years; the most recent edition is ICC IFC- 2024. Key changes to the IFC include, but are not limited to:
Energy Storage Systems (ESS): The IFC shifts its focus to energy storage systems (ESS), using references to NFPA 855 with IFC section 1207 to regulate the use of such systems. Aimed at financial investment and building safety regulations, the IFC aims to streamline the use of such systems as a clean energy asset. The current provisions in the latest standard will continue to develop with further advancements.
Powered micromobility devices: The International Fire Code addresses micromobility devices including e-bikes, e-scooters and hoverboards, due to the likelihood of hazard exposure during charging. To minimize or eliminate them, the IFC recommends analyzing product listings, separation requirements, and use of detection systems.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) detection: Being a silent killer, CO2 detection systems are now a requirement for all types of occupancies. This change occurred in the latest 2024 edition of IBC and IFC, where originally such devices were mandatory only for residential buildings and schools.
A2L refrigerants: A class of cooling agents, A2L refrigerants possess low toxicity and mild flammability. Due to their hazardous nature, such agents are mandated to be routinely monitored to eliminate the likelihood of hazards.
With these sections being continuously updated, the International Fire Code remains a benchmark for establishing minimum fire and explosion regulations in new and existing buildings. The International Fire Code is often likened to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) due to their complementary roles in fire safety. While the IFC specifies the systems (fire sprinklers, alarms, etc.) that must be installed, the NFPA provides detailed guidelines on the installation processes as well as the ongoing inspection, maintenance, and testing (ITM) required for these systems.
This synergy allows the IFC to reference numerous NFPA standards, including NFPA 13 (Sprinkler Installation), NFPA 70® (National Electrical Code®), and NFPA 99 (Health Care Facilities), ensuring comprehensive compliance and safety in fire protection measures.
